South West Rocks – First Nations History

The Djangadi people, also spelt Dhungatti, Dainggati, Tunggutti or Dunghutti are the First Nations people resident in the Macleay River Valley.

It is estimated that the Djangadi traditional lands encompassed some 3,500 km2. They took in the area from Point Lookout southwards as far as the headwaters of the Macleay River and the vicinity of the Mount Royal Range.

To the east, their territory ran as far as the crests of the coastal ranges, while their inland extension to the west ran up to the Great Dividing Range and Walcha. The people to their north were the Gumbaynggirr. On their western flank were the Anēwan. The southern linguistic border is with Biripi.

A First Nations presence in the Djangadi lands has been attested archaeologically to go back at least 4,000 years, according to the analysis of the materials excavated at the Clybucca midden, a site which the modern-day descendants of the Djangadi and Gumbaynggirr claim territory. These people lived in harmony with the land and in a pattern of life governed by codes of conduct regarded as sacred, having been handed down through countless generations.

In the Clybucca area are ancient camp sites with shell beds in the form of mounds which are up to 2 metres high. Middens are attested in the Macleay Valley, together with remnants of a fish trap in the Limeburners Creek Nature Reserve and, just slightly north of Crescent Head, at Richardsons Crossing, there is a bora ring.

With the take over of the area by British settlers in the early 1800s, the Djangadi and other tribes affected adopted guerilla tactics to fight the usurpation of their land. They attacked shepherds, carried out hit-and-run raids on homesteads and undertook duffing (stealing) sheep and cattle, before retreating into the gorges where pursuit was difficult. Some 2 to 3 dozen First Nations people were killed for rustling sheep at a massacre at Kunderang Brook in 1840.

The skirmishes ended with the establishment of a force of native police at Nulla Nulla in 1851. However, by that time, attrition had devastated tribal numbers. Of the 4,000 First Nations people in the area before the British settlements, one third are thought to have been killed in a little over two decades.

Some Djangadi settled the Shark and Pelican Island, and the two Fattorini Islands in the Macleay River, gazetted as Aboriginal reserves in 1885, and grew corn there. In 1924 the Fattorini island residents were relocated to Pelican Island, and its status as a reservation was cancelled.

Eventually the Djangadi moved to Kinchela Creek Station, though an unofficial camp remained at Green Hills. The people resisted attempts to have them relocated, until they were placed under the administration of a white manager at Burnt Bridge Reserve.

Discrimination barriers were broken in part when the first Aboriginal children were permitted in 1947 to attend Green Hill Public School, though the white community reacted by shifting their children to West Kempsey.